Treatment of diabetes has improved considerably during the past few decades, especially in terms of self glucose monitoring. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), good glucose control reduces complications of diabetes such as eye disease and kidney disease by 35 to 76 percent.

Some basic steps in managing diabetes include: 

• Monitor your blood sugar regularly. Adjustments in diet, medication and exercise can be made accordingly. 

• Stick to the monitoring protocol prescribed by your doctor. Generally, if you use insulin, blood is monitored before meals and at bedtime.

• Utilize blood testing. In the past, urine testing was more common, but blood is more accurate. New and improved ways to test blood are being developed all the time. Check with your doctor, your pharmacist or the company that manufactures your monitoring equipment.

• Take your medication as prescribed, whether it is insulin or an oral drug.

• Develop a personal meal plan that you will stick with. Speak with a dietitian or a diabetes educator and be candid about your food likes and dislikes.

• Stay on your meal plan. Explore new foods, but keep track of how they affect you.

• Eat carbohydrates that supply plenty of fiber, vitamins and minerals, such as fresh vegetables and fruit. Save sugary foods for special occasions.

• Lose weight if you are overweight. Losing weight can make a big difference in your treatment plan. Many people are able to eliminate or reduce the amount of medication needed -- or avoid needing it in the first place -- once they take the weight off.

• Speak with your doctor if your program doesn't appear to be keeping your blood sugar under control. Modifications may be necessary.  

At this time, the only real cure for diabetes is to have a pancreas transplant. However, this is a procedure that is only done for people with Type I diabetes who are suffering from complications. For the majority of people with diabetes, the condition can only be controlled through medication, diet and exercise.

Note: If symptoms persist or if you have specific medical conditions or concerns, we recommend you contact a physician. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment.